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measures. Pearson’s partial correlation analysis adjusted for age showed significant
associations of increased inclination with poor physical functioning in 6-m walking time, chair
stand time, functional reach, and Timed Up & Go Test, but not in grip strength. Linear
regression analysis adjusted for age, grip strength, number of comorbidities, osteoporosis, knee
joint pain, back pain, falls in previous year, regular activity and taking NSAIDs showed that
spinal inclination was associated with poor function in 6-m walking time, chair stand time,
functional reach and Timed Up & Go Test. Forward spinal inclination was associated with
impairment in various physical performance measures. Proper prevention and treatment of
underlying disorders should be prompted.

11) Importance of posture assessment in ankylosing spondylitis. Preliminary study.

Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2012 Jul-Sep;116(3):780-4. Roşu MO, Ancuţa C, Iordache C,
Chirieac R.

The aim of this study is to perform a screening of patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis
(AS) in order to evaluate the static spinal disorders and correlate the results with the main
clinical and functional parameters that characterize this disease… The assessment of
lumbosacral pain in the morning and daytime lumbosacral pain showed a higher scores in
patients suffering from kyphoscoliosis than in those with scoliosis, or kyphosis. Ott and
modified Schöber index, and chest expansion, had higher mean values in patients with scoliosis
compared with the other postural disorders. Statistically higher mean BASFI values were
recorded in patients with kyphoscoliosis, while the mean BASMI values were lower in scoliosis
patients. As to the quality of life of AS patients, HAQ-DI index recorded significantly lower mean
values for kyphoscoliosis compared with other postural disorders. Our study suggests that
posture assessment and implicitly the correction of possible misalignments should be part of
the kinetic physical therapy program. Rigorous observing of postural recommendations can
prevent the respiratory system complications.

12) Effects of thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture on cervical range of motion in older
adults.

Man Ther. 2013 Feb;18(1):65-71. Quek J, Pua YH, Clark RA, Bryant AL.

It is unclear how age-related postural changes such as thoracic spine kyphosis influence cervical
range-of-motion (ROM) in patients with cervical spine dysfunction. The purpose of this study
was to explore the mediating effects of forward head posture (FHP) on the relationship
between thoracic kyphosis and cervical mobility in older adults with cervical spine dysfunction.
Fifty-one older adults… with cervical spine dysfunction – that is, cervical pain with or without
referred pain, numbness or paraesthesia – participated. Pain-related disability was measured
using the neck disability index (NDI). Thoracic kyphosis was measured using a flexicurve. FHP
was assessed via the craniovertebral angle (CVA) measured from a digitized, lateral-view
photograph of each subject. Cervical ROM - namely, upper and general cervical rotation and
cervical flexion – was measured by the Cervical Range-of-Motion (CROM) device. Greater
thoracic kyphosis was significantly associated with lesser CVA whereas greater CVA was
significantly associated with greater cervical flexion and general rotation ROM, but not with